Java Enviroment Setup In Ubuntu

Below is a complete step-by-step guide to install Git, Java (JDK), and Maven on Ubuntu and verify that everything is working.

1. Update Ubuntu

Open Terminal:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

2. Install Git

sudo apt install git -y

Verify:

git --version

You should see something similar to:

git version 2.x.x

Configure Git:

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your@email.com"

Check configuration:

git config --global --list

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3. Install Java JDK

For modern Java development, install OpenJDK:

sudo apt install openjdk-21-jdk -y

Verify Java:

java -version

Also verify the compiler:

javac -version

You should see something like:

openjdk version "21.x.x"
javac 21.x.x

Check where Java is installed:

which java

and:

readlink -f $(which java)

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4. Set JAVA_HOME

Find the Java installation:

dirname $(dirname $(readlink -f $(which java)))

For example:

/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64

Add JAVA_HOME to your shell configuration:

nano ~/.bashrc

Add at the bottom:

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

Save with:

Ctrl + O → Enter → Ctrl + X

Then reload:

source ~/.bashrc

Verify:

echo $JAVA_HOME

You should get:

/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64

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5. Install Maven

sudo apt install maven -y

Verify:

mvn -version

You should see something similar to:

Apache Maven 3.x.x
Maven home: /usr/share/maven
Java version: 21.x.x
Java home: /usr/lib/jvm/java-21-openjdk-amd64

The important part is that Maven reports the Java version and Java home correctly.

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6. Verify the complete setup

Run:

git --version
java -version
javac -version
mvn -version

Your Ubuntu development environment is now ready:

Git
 ↓
Java JDK
 ↓
Maven
 ↓
Java Project

7. Test Maven with a Java project

Create a project:

mkdir ~/java-project
cd ~/java-project

Generate a Maven project:

mvn archetype:generate \
  -DgroupId=com.example \
  -DartifactId=hello-world \
  -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-quickstart \
  -DarchetypeVersion=1.5 \
  -DinteractiveMode=false

Enter the project:

cd hello-world

Build it:

mvn clean package

If successful, you’ll see:

BUILD SUCCESS

Run the generated Java program:

java -cp target/hello-world-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar com.example.App

You should get:

Hello World!

8. Optional: initialize Git

Inside your project:

git init

Check status:

git status

Create the first commit:

git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit"

At this point you have a complete Git + Java + Maven development environment on Ubuntu.